/* Editorial layout for the US tipping research article. */
.research-page { background: #fbf8f2; }
.research-page a:focus-visible,
.research-page summary:focus-visible,
.research-scroll:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid #8b4b28; outline-offset: 5px; }
.research-skip { position: absolute; top: 8px; left: 16px; z-index: 50; padding: 10px 16px; background: white; transform: translateY(-160%); }
.research-skip:focus { transform: none; }
.research-header { border-bottom: 1px solid #ded8cf; }
.research-header-inner { max-width: 1120px; margin: auto; padding: 14px 24px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 8px 24px; }
.research-brand { font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.research-header nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px 24px; font-size: 14px; }
.research-header a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; }
.research-header a:hover { color: #8b4b28; }
.research-header [aria-current] { color: #8b4b28; }
.research-main { max-width: 1120px; margin: auto; padding: 30px 24px 80px; }
.research-breadcrumb { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 8px; color: #686057; font-size: 13px; }
.research-breadcrumb a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; }
.research-breadcrumb a:hover { color: #8b4b28; text-decoration: underline; }
.research-hero { max-width: 850px; padding: 28px 0 30px; }
.research-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 5.1vw, 4.35rem); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.06; text-wrap: balance; }
.research-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 760px); justify-content: space-between; align-items: start; gap: 48px; border-top: 1px solid #ccc2b4; padding-top: 36px; }
.research-toc { position: sticky; top: 28px; }
.research-toc a { display: flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 0; color: #575148; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; }
.research-toc a:hover { color: #8b4b28; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.research-content { min-width: 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.8; color: #4e4a45; }
.research-content section { scroll-margin-top: 28px; }
.research-content section + section { margin-top: 54px; }
.research-content h2 { color: #1d1b19; font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3vw, 2.4rem); font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.16; margin-bottom: 20px; text-wrap: balance; }
.research-content h3 { color: #1d1b19; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.3; font-weight: 500; margin: 28px 0 12px; }
.research-content p + p { margin-top: 18px; }
.research-content a { color: #8b4b28; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: #bda68e; text-underline-offset: 4px; }
.research-content a:hover { text-decoration-color: currentColor; }
.research-content strong { color: #292524; font-weight: 600; }
.research-note { margin: 22px 0; padding: 16px 20px; border-left: 3px solid #a75d36; background: #f3ede0; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; }
.research-content .research-emphasis { margin: 28px 0; max-width: 24ch; color: #292524; font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.2vw, 1.8rem); line-height: 1.35; font-weight: 500; text-wrap: balance; }
.research-content .research-source { margin-top: 14px; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.7; color: #686057; }
.research-figure { margin: 24px 0; }
.research-figure-heading { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 6px 20px; font-size: 13px; padding-bottom: 18px; }
.research-figure-heading span { color: #686057; }
.research-bars { display: grid; gap: 16px; }
.research-bar-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(145px, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.7fr) 42px; align-items: center; gap: 16px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4; }
.research-bar-track { height: 12px; background: #ebe4d9; }
.research-bar-fill { display: block; height: 100%; width: var(--value); background: #a75d36; }
.research-bar-row dd { display: contents; }
.research-bar-value { text-align: right; color: #292524; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; font-weight: 600; }
.research-scroll { max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto; margin: 22px 0; overscroll-behavior-x: contain; }
.research-table { width: 100%; min-width: 540px; text-align: left; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.6; border-collapse: collapse; }
.research-table caption { text-align: left; padding-bottom: 12px; color: #686057; font-size: 12px; }
.research-table th, .research-table td { padding: 13px 16px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e0d9ce; vertical-align: top; }
.research-table thead { background: #f3ede0; color: #292524; }
.research-table tbody th { font-weight: 500; }
.research-table tfoot { font-weight: 600; color: #292524; background: #f3ede0; }
.research-table .research-number { text-align: right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; white-space: nowrap; }
.research-content details { border-top: 1px solid #ded8cf; }
.research-content summary { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; min-height: 56px; padding: 12px 0; color: #292524; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; }
.research-content summary::after { content: "+"; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 400; flex-shrink: 0; }
.research-content details[open] > summary::after { content: "−"; }
.research-content details > p { margin: 0 0 22px; font-size: 15px; }
.research-chart-image { display: block; width: 100%; min-width: 640px; height: auto; }
.research-trend-image { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.research-content .research-example { margin: 22px 0; padding: 20px 0; border-block: 1px solid #ded8cf; }
.research-related { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 24px; margin-top: 24px; }
.research-related a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 44px; }
.research-methods { border-top: 1px solid #ccc2b4; padding-top: 28px; }
.research-methods ul { list-style: disc; padding-left: 20px; margin: 16px 0; }
.research-methods li { padding: 5px 0; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .research-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 30px; padding-top: 24px; }
  .research-toc { position: static; padding-bottom: 22px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ded8cf; }
  .research-toc ul { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); column-gap: 20px; }
  .research-hero { padding-top: 20px; }
}
@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .research-main { padding: 16px 20px 56px; }
  .research-header-inner { padding: 10px 20px; }
  .research-header nav { gap: 4px 20px; }
  .research-hero h1 { font-size: 2.7rem; }
  .research-bar-row { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 42px; gap: 6px 12px; }
  .research-bar-row dt { grid-column: 1; }
  .research-bar-track { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 2; height: 9px; }
  .research-bar-value { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; }
  .research-figure-heading { display: block; }
  .research-figure-heading span { display: block; margin-top: 4px; }
  .research-content section + section { margin-top: 40px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } }